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/**
 * @file
 *   This file includes definitions for generic number utility functions (min, max, clamp).
 */

#ifndef NUM_UTILS_HPP_
#define NUM_UTILS_HPP_

#include "common/encoding.hpp"
#include "common/numeric_limits.hpp"
#include "common/type_traits.hpp"

namespace ot {

/**
 * This template function returns the minimum of two given values.
 *
 * Uses `operator<` to compare the values.
 *
 * @tparam Type   The value type.
 *
 * @param[in] aFirst  The first value.
 * @param[in] aSecond The second value.
 *
 * @returns The minimum of @p aFirst and @p aSecond.
 */
template <typename Type> Type Min(Type aFirst, Type aSecond) { return (aFirst < aSecond) ? aFirst : aSecond; }

/**
 * This template function returns the maximum of two given values.
 *
 * Uses `operator<` to compare the values.
 *
 * @tparam Type   The value type.
 *
 * @param[in] aFirst  The first value.
 * @param[in] aSecond The second value.
 *
 * @returns The maximum of @p aFirst and @p aSecond.
 */
template <typename Type> Type Max(Type aFirst, Type aSecond) { return (aFirst < aSecond) ? aSecond : aFirst; }

/**
 * This template function returns clamped version of a given value to a given closed range [min, max].
 *
 * Uses `operator<` to compare the values. The behavior is undefined if the value of @p aMin is greater than @p aMax.
 *
 * @tparam Type   The value type.
 *
 * @param[in] aValue   The value to clamp.
 * @param[in] aMin     The minimum value.
 * @param[in] aMax     The maximum value.
 *
 * @returns The clamped version of @aValue to the closed range [@p aMin, @p aMax].
 */
template <typename Type> Type Clamp(Type aValue, Type aMin, Type aMax)
{
    Type value = Max(aValue, aMin);

    return Min(value, aMax);
}

/**
 * This template function returns a clamped version of given integer to a `uint8_t`.
 *
 * If @p aValue is greater than max value of a `uint8_t`, the max value is returned.
 *
 * @tparam UintType   The value type (MUST be `uint16_t`, `uint32_t`, or `uint64_t`).
 *
 * @param[in] aValue  The value to clamp.
 *
 * @returns The clamped version of @p aValue to `uint8_t`.
 */
template <typename UintType> uint8_t ClampToUint8(UintType aValue)
{
    static_assert(TypeTraits::IsSame<UintType, uint16_t>::kValue || TypeTraits::IsSame<UintType, uint32_t>::kValue ||
                      TypeTraits::IsSame<UintType, uint64_t>::kValue,
                  "UintType must be `uint16_t, `uint32_t`, or `uint64_t`");

    return static_cast<uint8_t>(Min(aValue, static_cast<UintType>(NumericLimits<uint8_t>::kMax)));
}

/**
 * This template function returns a clamped version of given integer to a `uint16_t`.
 *
 * If @p aValue is greater than max value of a `uint16_t`, the max value is returned.
 *
 * @tparam UintType   The value type (MUST be `uint32_t`, or `uint64_t`).
 *
 * @param[in] aValue  The value to clamp.
 *
 * @returns The clamped version of @p aValue to `uint16_t`.
 */
template <typename UintType> uint16_t ClampToUint16(UintType aValue)
{
    static_assert(TypeTraits::IsSame<UintType, uint32_t>::kValue || TypeTraits::IsSame<UintType, uint64_t>::kValue,
                  "UintType must be `uint32_t` or `uint64_t`");

    return static_cast<uint16_t>(Min(aValue, static_cast<UintType>(NumericLimits<uint16_t>::kMax)));
}

/**
 * Returns a clamped version of given integer to a `int8_t`.
 *
 * If @p aValue is smaller than min value of a `int8_t`, the min value of `int8_t` is returned.
 * If @p aValue is larger than max value of a `int8_t`, the max value of `int8_t` is returned.
 *
 * @tparam IntType    The value type (MUST be `int16_t`, `int32_t`, or `int64_t`).
 *
 * @param[in] aValue  The value to clamp.
 *
 * @returns The clamped version of @p aValue to `int8_t`.
 */
template <typename IntType> int8_t ClampToInt8(IntType aValue)
{
    static_assert(TypeTraits::IsSame<IntType, int16_t>::kValue || TypeTraits::IsSame<IntType, int32_t>::kValue ||
                      TypeTraits::IsSame<IntType, int64_t>::kValue,
                  "IntType must be `int16_t, `int32_t`, or `int64_t`");

    return static_cast<int8_t>(Clamp(aValue, static_cast<IntType>(NumericLimits<int8_t>::kMin),
                                     static_cast<IntType>(NumericLimits<int8_t>::kMax)));
}

/**
 * This template function checks whether a given value is in a given closed range [min, max].
 *
 * Uses `operator<=` to compare the values. The behavior is undefined if the value of @p aMin is greater than @p aMax.
 *
 * @tparam Type   The value type.
 *
 * @param[in] aValue   The value to check
 * @param[in] aMin     The minimum value.
 * @param[in] aMax     The maximum value.
 *
 * @retval TRUE  If @p aValue is within `[aMin, aMax]` (inclusive).
 * @retval FALSE If @p aValue is not within `[aMin, aMax]` (inclusive).
 */
template <typename Type> Type IsValueInRange(Type aValue, Type aMin, Type aMax)
{
    return (aMin <= aValue) && (aValue <= aMax);
}

/**
 * This template function performs a three-way comparison between two values.
 *
 * @tparam Type   The value type.
 *
 * @param[in] aFirst  The first value.
 * @param[in] aSecond The second value.
 *
 * @retval 1    If @p aFirst >  @p aSecond.
 * @retval 0    If @p aFirst == @p aSecond.
 * @retval -1   If @p aFirst <  @p aSecond.
 */
template <typename Type> int ThreeWayCompare(Type aFirst, Type aSecond)
{
    return (aFirst == aSecond) ? 0 : ((aFirst > aSecond) ? 1 : -1);
}

/**
 * This is template specialization of three-way comparison between two boolean values.
 *
 * @param[in] aFirst  The first boolean value.
 * @param[in] aSecond The second boolean value.
 *
 * @retval 1    If @p aFirst is true and @p aSecond is false (true > false).
 * @retval 0    If both @p aFirst and @p aSecond are true, or both are false (they are equal).
 * @retval -1   If @p aFirst is false and @p aSecond is true (false < true).
 */
template <> inline int ThreeWayCompare(bool aFirst, bool aSecond)
{
    return (aFirst == aSecond) ? 0 : (aFirst ? 1 : -1);
}

/**
 * This template function divides two numbers and rounds the result to the closest integer.
 *
 * @tparam IntType   The integer type.
 *
 * @param[in] aDividend   The dividend value.
 * @param[in] aDivisor    The divisor value.
 *
 * @return The result of division and rounding to the closest integer.
 */
template <typename IntType> inline IntType DivideAndRoundToClosest(IntType aDividend, IntType aDivisor)
{
    return (aDividend + (aDivisor / 2)) / aDivisor;
}

/**
 * This template function divides two numbers and always rounds the result up.
 *
 * @tparam IntType   The integer type.
 *
 * @param[in] aDividend   The dividend value.
 * @param[in] aDivisor    The divisor value.
 *
 * @return The result of division and rounding up.
 */
template <typename IntType> inline IntType DivideAndRoundUp(IntType aDividend, IntType aDivisor)
{
    return (aDividend + (aDivisor - 1)) / aDivisor;
}

/**
 * Casts a given `uint32_t` to `unsigned long`.
 *
 * @param[in] aUint32   A `uint32_t` value.
 *
 * @returns The @p aUint32 value as `unsigned long`.
 */
inline unsigned long ToUlong(uint32_t aUint32) { return static_cast<unsigned long>(aUint32); }

/**
 * Counts the number of `1` bits in the binary representation of a given unsigned int bit-mask value.
 *
 * @tparam UintType   The unsigned int type (MUST be `uint8_t`, `uint16_t`, `uint32_t`, or `uint64_t`).
 *
 * @param[in] aMask   A bit mask.
 *
 * @returns The number of `1` bits in @p aMask.
 */
template <typename UintType> uint8_t CountBitsInMask(UintType aMask)
{
    static_assert(TypeTraits::IsSame<UintType, uint8_t>::kValue || TypeTraits::IsSame<UintType, uint16_t>::kValue ||
                      TypeTraits::IsSame<UintType, uint32_t>::kValue || TypeTraits::IsSame<UintType, uint64_t>::kValue,
                  "UintType must be `uint8_t`, `uint16_t`, `uint32_t`, or `uint64_t`");

    uint8_t count = 0;

    while (aMask != 0)
    {
        aMask &= aMask - 1;
        count++;
    }

    return count;
}

/**
 * Sets the specified bit of the given integer to 1.
 *
 * @tparam UintType   The value type (MUST be `uint8_t`, `uint16_t`, `uint32_t`, or `uint64_t`).
 *
 * @param[in,out]  aBits       The integer to set the bit.
 * @param[in]      aBitOffset  The bit offset to set. The bit offset starts with zero corresponding to the
 *                             least-significant bit.
 */
template <typename UintType> void SetBit(UintType &aBits, uint8_t aBitOffset)
{
    static_assert(TypeTraits::IsSame<UintType, uint8_t>::kValue || TypeTraits::IsSame<UintType, uint16_t>::kValue ||
                      TypeTraits::IsSame<UintType, uint32_t>::kValue || TypeTraits::IsSame<UintType, uint64_t>::kValue,
                  "UintType must be `uint8_t`, `uint16_t`, `uint32_t`, or `uint64_t`");

    aBits = aBits | (static_cast<UintType>(1) << aBitOffset);
}

/**
 * Clears the specified bit of the given integer.
 *
 * @tparam UintType   The value type (MUST be `uint8_t`, `uint16_t`, `uint32_t`, or `uint64_t`).
 *
 * @param[in,out]  aBits       The integer to clear the bit.
 * @param[in]      aBitOffset  The bit offset to clear. The bit offset starts with zero corresponding to the
 *                             least-significant bit.
 */
template <typename UintType> void ClearBit(UintType &aBits, uint8_t aBitOffset)
{
    static_assert(TypeTraits::IsSame<UintType, uint8_t>::kValue || TypeTraits::IsSame<UintType, uint16_t>::kValue ||
                      TypeTraits::IsSame<UintType, uint32_t>::kValue || TypeTraits::IsSame<UintType, uint64_t>::kValue,
                  "UintType must be `uint8_t`, `uint16_t`, `uint32_t`, or `uint64_t`");

    aBits = aBits & (~(static_cast<UintType>(1) << aBitOffset));
}

/**
 * Gets the value of the specified bit of the given integer.
 *
 * @tparam UintType   The value type (MUST be `uint8_t`, `uint16_t`, `uint32_t`, or `uint64_t`).
 *
 * @param[in] aBits       The integer to get the bit.
 * @param[in] aBitOffset  The bit offset to get. The bit offset starts with zero corresponding to the
 *                        least-significant bit.
 *
 * @returns The value of the specified bit.
 */
template <typename UintType> bool GetBit(UintType aBits, uint8_t aBitOffset)
{
    static_assert(TypeTraits::IsSame<UintType, uint8_t>::kValue || TypeTraits::IsSame<UintType, uint16_t>::kValue ||
                      TypeTraits::IsSame<UintType, uint32_t>::kValue || TypeTraits::IsSame<UintType, uint64_t>::kValue,
                  "UintType must be `uint8_t`, `uint16_t`, `uint32_t`, or `uint64_t`");

    return (aBits & (static_cast<UintType>(1) << aBitOffset)) != 0;
}

/**
 * Writes the specified bit of the given integer to the given value (0 or 1).
 *
 * @tparam UintType   The value type (MUST be `uint8_t`, `uint16_t`, `uint32_t`, or `uint64_t`).
 *
 * @param[in,out]  aBits      The integer to write the bit.
 * @param[in]      aBitOffset The bit offset to get. The bit offset starts with zero corresponding to the
 *                            least-significant bit.
 * @param[in]      aValue     The value to write.
 */
template <typename UintType> void WriteBit(UintType &aBits, uint8_t aBitOffset, bool aValue)
{
    static_assert(TypeTraits::IsSame<UintType, uint8_t>::kValue || TypeTraits::IsSame<UintType, uint16_t>::kValue ||
                      TypeTraits::IsSame<UintType, uint32_t>::kValue || TypeTraits::IsSame<UintType, uint64_t>::kValue,
                  "UintType must be `uint8_t`, `uint16_t`, `uint32_t`, or `uint64_t`");

    if (aValue)
    {
        SetBit<UintType>(aBits, aBitOffset);
    }
    else
    {
        ClearBit<UintType>(aBits, aBitOffset);
    }
}

/**
 * Gets the offset of the lowest non-zero bit in the given mask.
 *
 * @tparam UintType  The value type (MUST be `uint8_t`, `uint16_t`, `uint32_t`, or `uint64_t`).
 *
 * @param[in] aMask  The mask (MUST not be 0) to calculate the offset of the lowest non-zero bit.
 *
 * @returns The offset of the lowest non-zero bit in the mask.
 */
template <typename UintType> inline constexpr uint8_t BitOffsetOfMask(UintType aMask)
{
    static_assert(TypeTraits::IsSame<UintType, uint8_t>::kValue || TypeTraits::IsSame<UintType, uint16_t>::kValue ||
                      TypeTraits::IsSame<UintType, uint32_t>::kValue || TypeTraits::IsSame<UintType, uint64_t>::kValue,
                  "UintType must be `uint8_t`, `uint16_t`, `uint32_t`, or `uint64_t`");

    return (aMask & 0x1) ? 0 : (1 + BitOffsetOfMask<UintType>(aMask >> 1));
}

/**
 * Writes the specified bits of the given integer to the given value.
 *
 * @tparam UintType   The value type (MUST be `uint8_t`, `uint16_t`, `uint32_t`, or `uint64_t`).
 * @tparam kMask      The bit mask (MUST not be 0) to write. The @p kMask must be provided in a shifted form.
 * @tparam kOffset    The bit offset to write. The default @p kOffset is computed from the given @p kMask.
 *
 * @param[in,out]  aBits   The integer to write the bits.
 * @param[in]      aValue  The value to write.
 */
template <typename UintType, UintType kMask, UintType kOffset = BitOffsetOfMask(kMask)>
void WriteBits(UintType &aBits, UintType aValue)
{
    static_assert(TypeTraits::IsSame<UintType, uint8_t>::kValue || TypeTraits::IsSame<UintType, uint16_t>::kValue ||
                      TypeTraits::IsSame<UintType, uint32_t>::kValue || TypeTraits::IsSame<UintType, uint64_t>::kValue,
                  "UintType must be `uint8_t`, `uint16_t`, `uint32_t`, or `uint64_t`");

    aBits = ((aBits & ~kMask) | ((aValue << kOffset) & kMask));
}

/**
 * Writes the specified bits of the given integer to the given value and returns the updated integer.
 *
 * @tparam UintType   The value type (MUST be `uint8_t`, `uint16_t`, `uint32_t`, or `uint64_t`).
 * @tparam kMask      The bit mask (MUST not be 0) to write. The @p kMask must be provided in a shifted form.
 * @tparam kOffset    The bit offset to write. The default @p kOffset is computed from the given @p kMask.
 *
 * @param[in] aBits   The integer to write the bits.
 * @param[in] aValue  The value to write.
 *
 * @returns The updated integer.
 */
template <typename UintType, UintType kMask, UintType kOffset = BitOffsetOfMask(kMask)>
UintType UpdateBits(UintType aBits, UintType aValue)
{
    static_assert(TypeTraits::IsSame<UintType, uint8_t>::kValue || TypeTraits::IsSame<UintType, uint16_t>::kValue ||
                      TypeTraits::IsSame<UintType, uint32_t>::kValue || TypeTraits::IsSame<UintType, uint64_t>::kValue,
                  "UintType must be `uint8_t`, `uint16_t`, `uint32_t`, or `uint64_t`");

    return ((aBits & ~kMask) | ((aValue << kOffset) & kMask));
}

/**
 * Read the value of the specified bits of the given integer.
 *
 * @tparam UintType   The value type (MUST be `uint8_t`, `uint16_t`, `uint32_t`, or `uint64_t`).
 * @tparam kMask      The bit mask (MUST not be 0) to write. The @p kMask must be provided in a shifted form.
 * @tparam kOffset    The bit offset to write. The default @p kOffset is computed from the given @p kMask.
 *
 * @param[in] aBits   The integer to read the bits.
 *
 * @returns The value of the specified bits.
 */
template <typename UintType, UintType kMask, UintType kOffset = BitOffsetOfMask(kMask)>
UintType ReadBits(UintType aBits)
{
    static_assert(TypeTraits::IsSame<UintType, uint8_t>::kValue || TypeTraits::IsSame<UintType, uint16_t>::kValue ||
                      TypeTraits::IsSame<UintType, uint32_t>::kValue || TypeTraits::IsSame<UintType, uint64_t>::kValue,
                  "UintType must be `uint8_t`, `uint16_t`, `uint32_t`, or `uint64_t`");

    return (aBits & kMask) >> kOffset;
}

/**
 * Writes the specified bits of the given integer stored in little-endian format to the given value and returns the
 * updated integer stored in little-endian format.
 *
 * @tparam UintType   The value type (MUST be `uint16_t`, `uint32_t`, or `uint64_t`).
 * @tparam kMask      The bit mask (MUST not be 0) to write. The @p kMask must be provided in a shifted form.
 * @tparam kOffset    The bit offset to write. The default @p kOffset is computed from the given @p kMask.
 *
 * @param[in]  aBits   The integer to write the bits.
 * @param[in]  aValue  The value to write.
 *
 * @returns The updated integer.
 */
template <typename UintType, UintType kMask, UintType kOffset = BitOffsetOfMask(kMask)>
UintType UpdateBitsLittleEndian(UintType aBits, UintType aValue)
{
    static_assert(TypeTraits::IsSame<UintType, uint16_t>::kValue || TypeTraits::IsSame<UintType, uint32_t>::kValue ||
                      TypeTraits::IsSame<UintType, uint64_t>::kValue,
                  "UintType must be `uint16_t`, `uint32_t`, or `uint64_t`");

    return LittleEndian::HostSwap<UintType>((LittleEndian::HostSwap<UintType>(aBits) & ~kMask) |
                                            ((aValue << kOffset) & kMask));
}

/**
 * Writes the specified bits of the given integer stored in big-endian format to the given value and returns the updated
 * integer stored in big-endian format.
 *
 * @tparam UintType   The value type (MUST be `uint16_t`, `uint32_t`, or `uint64_t`).
 * @tparam kMask      The bit mask (MUST not be 0) to write. The @p kMask must be provided in a shifted form.
 * @tparam kOffset    The bit offset to write. The default @p kOffset is computed from the given @p kMask.
 *
 * @param[in]  aBits   A pointer to the integer to write the bits.
 * @param[in]  aValue  The value to write.
 *
 * @returns The updated integer.
 */
template <typename UintType, UintType kMask, UintType kOffset = BitOffsetOfMask(kMask)>
UintType UpdateBitsBigEndian(UintType aBits, UintType aValue)
{
    static_assert(TypeTraits::IsSame<UintType, uint16_t>::kValue || TypeTraits::IsSame<UintType, uint32_t>::kValue ||
                      TypeTraits::IsSame<UintType, uint64_t>::kValue,
                  "UintType must be `uint16_t`, `uint32_t`, or `uint64_t`");

    return BigEndian::HostSwap<UintType>((BigEndian::HostSwap<UintType>(aBits) & ~kMask) |
                                         ((aValue << kOffset) & kMask));
}

/**
 * Read the value of the specified bits of the given integer stored in little-endian format.
 *
 * @tparam UintType   The value type (MUST be `uint16_t`, `uint32_t`, or `uint64_t`).
 * @tparam kMask      The bit mask (MUST not be 0) to write. The @p kMask must be provided in a shifted form.
 * @tparam kOffset    The bit offset to write. The default @p kOffset is computed from the given @p kMask.
 *
 * @param[in] aBits   The integer stored in little-endian format to read the bits.
 *
 * @returns The value of the specified bits.
 */
template <typename UintType, UintType kMask, UintType kOffset = BitOffsetOfMask(kMask)>
UintType ReadBitsLittleEndian(UintType aBits)
{
    static_assert(TypeTraits::IsSame<UintType, uint16_t>::kValue || TypeTraits::IsSame<UintType, uint32_t>::kValue ||
                      TypeTraits::IsSame<UintType, uint64_t>::kValue,
                  "UintType must be `uint16_t`, `uint32_t`, or `uint64_t`");

    return (LittleEndian::HostSwap<UintType>(aBits) & kMask) >> kOffset;
}

/**
 * Read the value of the specified bits of the given integer stored in big-endian format.
 *
 * @tparam UintType   The value type (MUST be `uint16_t`, `uint32_t`, or `uint64_t`).
 * @tparam kMask      The bit mask (MUST not be 0) to write. The @p kMask must be provided in a shifted form.
 * @tparam kOffset    The bit offset to write. The default @p kOffset is computed from the given @p kMask.
 *
 * @param[in] aBits   The integer stored in big-endian format to read the bits.
 *
 * @returns The value of the specified bits.
 */
template <typename UintType, UintType kMask, UintType kOffset = BitOffsetOfMask(kMask)>
UintType ReadBitsBigEndian(UintType aBits)
{
    static_assert(TypeTraits::IsSame<UintType, uint16_t>::kValue || TypeTraits::IsSame<UintType, uint32_t>::kValue ||
                      TypeTraits::IsSame<UintType, uint64_t>::kValue,
                  "UintType must be `uint16_t`, `uint32_t`, or `uint64_t`");

    return (BigEndian::HostSwap<UintType>(aBits) & kMask) >> kOffset;
}

} // namespace ot

#endif // NUM_UTILS_HPP_